Tamarta cagaaran | green energy
Tamarta cagaaran waa nooc kasta oo tamar ah oo laga soo saaro ilaha dabiiciga ah, sida iftiinka qorraxda, dabaysha ama biyaha. Waxay had iyo jeer ka timaadaa ilaha tamarta dib loo cusbooneysiin karo ee aan soo saarin gaasaska cagaaran ee gacan ka geysta isbedelka cimilada ⁴. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada ugu waaweyn ee tamarta cagaaran waa tamarta qorraxda, tamarta dabaysha, quwadda biyaha, tamarta dhulka⁴ .
Tamarta cagaaran waa muhiim maxaa yeelay waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa yareynta ku tiirsanaanta awooda shidaalka, abuurista shaqooyin, biilasha tamarta oo hooseysa, ballaarinta helitaanka tamarta iyo ka dhigista korantada mid adkeysi badan ⁵.
Tusaalooyinka qaarkood ee mashaariicda tamarta cagaaran ee adduunka oo dhan waa:
● Mashruuca Awoodda Solar ee Kamuthi ee Hindiya, oo ah beerta ugu weyn adduunka ee qoraxda oo leh awood dhan 648 megawatts ( MW ).
● The London Array ee Boqortooyada Midowday, oo ah beerta dabaysha adduunka ugu weyn oo leh awood dhan 630 MW.
● Saddex Gorges Dam Shiinaha, oo ah warshadda ugu weyn adduunka ee tamarta leh oo leh 22,500 MW.
● Saldhigga Awoodda ee Hellisheidi Geothermal ee Iceland, oo ah warshadda ugu weyn adduunka ee leh awoodda 303 MW.
● Warshadda korantada ee Lahti Energy's Kymijärvi II warshadda korantada ee Finland, oo ah warshaddii ugu horreysay ee gaaska biomass-ka adduunka ee adeegsata shidaal adag oo soo kabsaday ( SRF ) qashinka degmada.
Tamarta cagaaran waxay leedahay awood ay ku badasho adeega shidaalka mustaqbalka, laakiin waxay u baahan doontaa cilmi baaris dheeri ah, hal abuurnimo, maalgashi iyo taageero siyaasadeed si ay taasi u dhacdo. Sida laga soo xigtay Hay'adda Tamarta Caalamiga ah ( IEA ), ilaha tamarta dib loo cusbooneysiin karo waxay bixin karaan in kabadan 80% baahida korantada adduunka iyo 65% wadarta baahida tamarta aasaasiga ah marka la gaaro 2050 iyada oo loo marayo xaalad horumar waara. Si kastaba ha noqotee, tani waxay u baahan doontaa koror ballaaran oo ku saabsan awoodda dib loo cusbooneysiin karo, is-dhexgalka grid, xalalka kaydinta iyo maaraynta dhinaca-baahida.
Tamarta cagaaran waxay noqon kartaa mid dhaqaale ahaan lagu dhaqaaqi karo haddii ay la tartami karto shidaalka fosillada qiimaha iyo isku halaynta. Qiimaha tamarta dib loo cusbooneysiin karo ayaa si xawli ah hoos ugu dhacday sannadihii la soo dhaafay sababo la xiriira hagaajinta teknolojiyada, dhaqaalaha cabirka iyo dhiirrigelinta siyaasadaha. Tusaale ahaan, celceliska celceliska adduunka ee korantada ( LCOE ) ee qorraxda ( PV ) ayaa hoos u dhacay 82% intii u dhaxeysay 2010 iyo 2019, halka LCOE ee dabaysha xeebta ay hoos u dhacday 39% isla muddadaas. Si kastaba ha noqotee, LCOE ma qabato dhammaan kharashyada iyo faa'iidooyinka ilaha tamarta ee kala duwan, sida dibedda, kharashaadka is-dhexgalka grid iyo qiimaha nidaamka. Sidaa darteed, hab dhammaystiran oo lagu isbarbar dhigo xulashooyinka tamarta ee kala duwan ayaa loo baahan yahay.
Waxqabadka tamarta cagaaran waxay kuxirantahay qodobo kala duwan, sida helitaanka kheyraadka, waxqabadka tikniyoolajiyada, qaabeynta nidaamka iyo howlgalka. Guud ahaan marka la hadlayo, qorraxda PV waxay leedahay wax ku ool ka sarreeya awoodda dabaysha ama awoodda biomass, halka quwadda biyaha iyo tamarta dhulka ay leeyihiin karti la mid ah dhirta tamarta shidaalka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, hufnaantu ma aha qodobka kaliya ee lagu qiimeeyo ilaha tamarta cagaaran; dhinacyada kale sida saameynta deegaanka, aqbalaadda bulshada iyo suuragalnimada dhaqaale waa in sidoo kale la qaddariyo.
Tamarta cagaaran waxay ka caawin kartaa deegaanka iyadoo la yareynayo qiiqa gaaska cagaaran ee sababa isbedelka cimilada. Sida laga soo xigtay IEA, ilaha tamarta dib loo cusbooneysiin karo waxay ka fogaadeen 2.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) qiiqa sanadkii 2019 iyagoo ka barakacay shidaalka shidaalka ee jiilka korantada. Tamarta cagaaran waxay sidoo kale yareyn kartaa wasakhowga hawada, isticmaalka biyaha iyo isticmaalka dhulka ee la xiriira shidaalka shidaalka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, tamarta cagaaran ma ahan saameyn deegaanka ah; qaar ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah luminta deegaanka ama kala goynta, xaalufinta tayada biyaha ama yaraanta, buuqa ama wasakhowga aragga iyo jiilka qashinka. Sidaa darteed, qorsheyn taxaddar leh iyo maareyn ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo saameyntan loona hubiyo joogtaynta.
References
1. ^www.twi-global.com. What is Green Energy? (Definition, Types and Examples) - TWI. Date of access: 16,06,2023
2. ^www.nationalgeographic.com. Renewable energy, facts and information . Date of access: 16.06.2023
2. ^www.cbsnews.com. Maryland senator who helped create green bank eager to see acceleration of clean energy. Date of access: 16.06.2023.